Health
Controls diabetes, promotes bone health… see 6 health benefits of cloves

Cloves are small, dark brown, and aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceaetree, Syzygium aromaticum which originate from Indonesia. They can, however, be found in several parts of the world.
Available in both whole and ground form, cloves are renowned for their sweet and aromatic touch, elevating the flavor of dishes. Aside from its culinary benefits, cloves have been proven to also have several health benefits.
Here are some health benefits you would get from cloves when used.
High in antioxidants
Cloves are a rich source of antioxidants. Antioxidants are compounds that reduce oxidative stress, which can contribute to the development of chronic disease.
Cloves also contain a compound called eugenol, which has been shown to act as a natural antioxidant.
It was found that eugenol stopped oxidative damage caused by free radicals five times more effectively than other antioxidants.
Including cloves in your diet along with other antioxidant-rich foods can help improve your overall health.
Promotes bone health
Cloves contain minerals like manganese which play a role in bone health.
Manganese is a mineral that is involved in the formation of bone and is incredibly important to bone health. Adequate intake of it also helps prevent osteoporosis.
Meanwhile, one teaspoon of ground clove provides 55% manganese. So taking cloves can increase your bone mineral density and bone growth.
A study also found that clove extract high in eugenol improved several markers of osteoporosis and increased bone density and strength.
Keeps diabetes in control
Cloves also serve as an anti-diabetic agent. The compounds found in cloves, particularly eugenol, can help protect against cancer.
Several studies and tests have proven that cloves may reduce cancer cell growth and promote cancer cell death.
A test-tube research found that eugenol promoted cell death in cervical cancer cells.
Another study found that clove extract helped stop the growth of tumors and promoted cell death in cancer cells.
Helps with weight management
The compounds in cloves may help improve metabolism and control body weight.
In a study of mice, researchers found that clove extract reduced the incidence of obesity resulting from a high-fat diet.
Mice who received the clove extract had lower body weight, less abdominal fat, and less liver fat than those in the control group.
Adding cloves to your diet could support weight management efforts.
Improves oral health
Cloves, particularly its oil, can serve as a natural method for maintaining oral health due to their effect on plaque, gingivitis, and bacteria in the mouth.
Researchers have compared the effectiveness of an herbal mouth rinse containing cloves, basil, and tea tree oil with a commercially available essential oil mouth rinse.
Both mouth rinses were effective against plaque and gingivitis, showing that they may help decrease oral inflammation and bacteria.
However, it was found that the mouth rinse that contained cloves decreased the number of harmful bacteria more than the commercial mouth rinse.
Also, after using the herbal mouthwash for 21 days, the participants showed improvements in gum health, as well as the amount of plaque in the mouth.
Anti-inflammatory properties
Cloves contain eugenol, a natural compound with strong anti-inflammatory effects.
This can help reduce inflammation in the body, making cloves potentially beneficial for individuals with inflammatory conditions such as arthritis and asthma.
Cloves also have antimicrobial properties, meaning they can help stop the growth of microorganisms like bacteria.
A study showed that clove essential oil killed three common types of bacteria, including E. coli, which is a strain of bacteria that can cause food poisoning.
To easily incorporate cloves into your dishes, you can get the ground form.
You can also simmer whole cloves in boiling water for 5–10 minutes to make a soothing cup of clove tea.
However, it is important to consume in moderation.
Health
5 diseases you can contract from going to the gym

Did you know there are certain infections you can get from using gym equipment?
While going to the gym is good for your physical and mental health, the equipment used in the gym is public equipment that can lead to different infections and diseases.
Here are five diseases you can contract from going to the gym:
Ringworm
Ringworm is a fungal infection that can appear anywhere on the body and causes scaly circles and red lumps. Wet gym floors or shared, filthy towels are ideal habitats for it.
It can spread before symptoms show up and is very contagious. The common skin areas affected are the back, buttocks, chest, and thighs.
The two main symptoms are itching and little round pimples.
Use antifungal cream after working out and don’t exchange gym towels with other people to prevent infection.
Folliculitis
Folliculitis is a common condition that occurs in dirty gyms characterised by irritated hair follicles, which cause acne or itchy red pimples.
Sharing towels, using unclean gym equipment, and using unchlorinated swimming pools and hot tubs are all easy ways to contract it.
Also, clothing that is too tight might clog hair follicles, leaving people vulnerable. Bathe after working out and clean sweaty gym equipment before use to avoid folliculitis.
Herpes
Herpes, a sexually transmitted infection, can cause genital warts or cold sores and can be contracted through open cuts or mouth blisters that can be contracted in the gym.
It can also spread through sharing saliva with infected people, utensils, razors, gym equipment, or towels.
Plantar warts
Plantar warts, caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), are bumpy, rough, and tender-to-touch clusters on feet or hands that can be contracted in gyms by walking barefoot, especially in damp areas, and using contaminated equipment.
Some HPV types may cause cervical cancer and genital warts.
Staphylococcus Aureus Staph
Staphylococcus Aureus also known as staph is a bacteria found on the skin and in the nose, and can be transferred to gym equipment if touched.
Infections can cause rash, boil, swelling, and fevers. Staph infections are usually mild, except for MRSA, a more aggressive strain resistant to many antibiotics.
When working out in a public gym, make sure you use hand sanitiser and wet wipes to clean the equipment and avoid sharing towels.
Health
ICPC warns against unchecked herbal mixtures, calls for strict regulation

The Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC) has called on the Nigerian Natural Medicines Development Agency (NNMDA) to address the proliferation of unregulated herbal medicines in the country.
Kabir Elelu, ICPC resident commissioner for Lagos state, made the call at a one-day training titled, “Building a Transparent and Accountable Public Institution and Inauguration of the Anti-Corruption and Transparency Unit (ACTU) of the NNMDA”.
Elelu expressed concern over the unchecked sale of herbal mixtures by hawkers as the consumption of such substances posed severe health risks.
“One particular area I want you to look at is the area of this natural medicine; how do we harness them and protect public health? You also need to look at how it has been bastardised by hawkers and some of them are killing our people,” he said.
“I want the agency to look into this and come out with a solution because it is a huge problem; it is a problem in all areas of the country with all kinds of concoctions that are killing our people.
“Now, we have high rate of liver cirrhosis and all kinds of diseases that can be associated with the intake of herbal concoctions.”
On his part, Martins Emeje, NNMDA’s director-general, said the agency is commitment to transparency in research and natural medicines development.
Emeje described the inauguration of ACTU members as a significant step toward fostering transparency and fighting corruption.
“With transparency, we are driving the principle of Renewal of Hope to develop natural medicines,” he said.
“Most of our medicines are imported and that is the narrative we are changing; so, within one and a half years, we have proven that Nigeria can do it transparently without stealing.”
Health
Studies reveal causes of secondary infertility

Nancy Umeh, the Nigerian chef and public scientist, recently revealed her seven-year battle with secondary infertility — a journey that ultimately led her to embrace surrogacy for her third child.
Secondary infertility is a condition that affects countless couples worldwide but often goes unspoken. Despite its prevalence, it remains a silent struggle for many.
A study reveals that 52 percent of couples in Africa struggle with secondary infertility. Another research found that the prevalence of secondary infertility is approximately equal to that of primary infertility.
What is secondary infertility?
Secondary infertility is the inability to conceive or carry a baby to term after previously giving birth without any fertility treatments. It affects men and women equally.
What causes secondary infertility?
Several factors can contribute to secondary infertility. These factors include:
- Age
Biologically, fertility is at its peak around age 20. It begins to decline at 30, and the decline speeds up after age 35.
So, age plays a role in secondary infertility. A 2018 study showed that couples experiencing secondary infertility were older than those with primary infertility.
While healthy couples in their 20s and early 30s have a 25 percent chance of getting pregnant in a cycle, that number drops precipitously when the woman is older.
According to the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, a woman’s chance of pregnancy success is less than 5% per cycle at age 40. This is because the quantity and quality of a woman’s eggs decline with age.
- Ovulation disorders
Ovulation disorders are one of the most common causes of secondary infertility. According to studies, 40% of women battling infertility do not consistently ovulate.
The problem of ovulation is caused by several reasons including:
- The most common cause, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)
- Decreased egg production related to aging
- Thyroid or other endocrine disorders that affect hormone production and
- Lifestyle factors, such as weight, nutrition, and alcohol or drug misuse
- Problems with the uterus or blocked fallopian tubes
These cause secondary infertility. If there is a blockage in the fallopian tubes, sperm and egg may not be able to meet. Blockage can be caused by surgery or pelvic infection.
The uterus may also have a structural or tissue defect that prevents implantation. Endometriosis, uterine fibroids uterus scarring (during surgery like C-section), and abnormality in the shape of the uterus are among the conditions that can affect the uterus.
- Infections
Sexually transmitted infections can cause pelvic inflammatory disease.
This can lead to scarring and blockage of the fallopian tubes which ultimately leads to infertility.
- Men factors
Factors like low testosterone levels, testicular varicocele, enlarged prostate and low sperm count and mobility are some causes of secondary infertility in men.
About 30% of infertile men have a testicular varicocele. An enlargement of veins in the scrotum can cause low sperm production.
An enlarged prostate can lower sperm count and make it hard to have a normal ejaculation.
What are the symptoms of secondary infertility?
The major symptom of secondary infertility is the inability to conceive after a year of trying.
However, other symptoms are caused by other factors. They include:
- Irregular menstrual cycles
Absent or inconsistent menstruation may indicate hormonal imbalance or ovulation disorders. Meanwhile, these conditions affect the ability to conceive.
- Painful periods
- Hormonal changes like changes in weight and sexual desire, excessive hair growth, and acne.
How can secondary infertility be treated?
There are various options to improve the chances of conceiving. However, the treatment option will depend on the cause of infertility and sometimes personal preference.
Here are the treatment options available for secondary infertility:
- Medications
There are several medication options. For infection, there are drugs used to treat the infection and also improve fertility.
There are also drugs like clomiphene (Clomid) and letrozole used to stimulate hormones and help women ovulate.
- Surgery
Surgery is most recommended when there is a structural problem in the uterus or fallopian tubes.
A minimally invasive procedure called a hysteroscopy is used to treat endometriosis, clear fallopian tube blockages, or remove scar tissue, polyps, and fibroids from the uterus.
In men, surgery is most commonly used to remove varicoceles. Surgery also can fix blocked or scarred epididymis tubes that store and carry sperm.
- Advanced Reproductive Technology (ART)
The two common procedures are intrauterine insemination (IUI) and IVF.
With IUI, sperm is collected and then inserted into the uterus at the time of ovulation.
In IVF, an egg is removed from the woman’s ovaries and fertilised with sperm in a laboratory. The fertilised egg, called an embryo, is then returned to the woman’s womb to grow and develop.
The procedures have a 24% success rate, according to 2019 CDC data.
To improve the chances of getting pregnant, maintain a healthy lifestyle.